Introduction: The Miniaturization Revolution in Wearables The wearable technology market has exploded in recent years, with smartwatches, fitness trackers, health monitors, and augmented reality glasses becoming everyday companions for millions...

Every smartphone, smartwatch, and wireless earbud on the market contains a miracle of miniaturization—dozens of components crammed into spaces that would have seemed impossible a decade ago. The technology making this possible is high-density surfa...